Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are chemical compounds recognized for their stability and water- and stain-resistant properties, earning them the moniker “forever chemicals.” Because of these properties, PFAS compounds are used in a wide range of products and applications, including wire insulation, electronics, pharmaceuticals, paints and coatings, carpets and upholstery, textiles, personal care products (such as cosmetics, shampoos, lotions, toothpastes, dental floss), adhesives and sealants, pesticides, herbicides and firefighting foams. While there are thousands of PFAS compounds, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) are two of the more well-known and studied.
Due to their stability, PFAS compounds persist in the environment and have been found in drinking water, groundwater and soils, and because they are ubiquitous, data showing that most Americans have detectable levels of PFAS in their blood suggests that most have measurable exposure to PFAS. PFOA and PFAS reportedly may cause a variety of health issues, including increased cholesterol levels, changes in liver enzymes, small decreases in infant birth weights, decreased vaccine response in children, increased high blood pressure or preeclampsia in pregnant women, and higher incidence of kidney or testicular cancer. However, many questions remain about the extent of such alleged health effects and various studies are underway to better evaluate and understand the potential risks.





